基于多元统计分析的渔山列岛潮间带软体动物功能群和次级生产力比较

渔山列岛于2008年成为国家级海洋生态保护区,为了解渔山列岛保护区内潮间带软体动物次级生产力的时空变化。于1982年和2010年的3个季节(春、夏、冬)在渔山列岛进行潮间带软体动物调查,采用多元统计分析软体动物时空差异,以Brey经验公式计算分析软体动物次级生产力(P值,P/B值)。结果表明,年际间物种食性结构发生了明显的改变,1982年潮间带软体动物对次级生产力贡献率最大的物种有单齿螺(Monodonta labio)、锈凹螺(Chlorostoma rustica),占软体动物总次级生产力的42.88%,2010年潮间带软体动物对次级生产力贡献率最大的物种有覆瓦小蛇螺(Serpulorbis imbricata)、条纹隔贻贝(Septifer virgatus),占软体动物总次级生产力的75.96%。1982年,年均栖息密度为2758ind/m2,年均生物量为2100.26g/m2,年均次级生产力为240.04g/(m2·a),年均P/B值为0.63a–1;2010年,年均栖息密度为699ind/m2,年均生物量为1101.85g/m2,年均次级生产力为94.82g/(m2·a),年均P/B值为0.55a–1。多因素方差分析表明软体动物次级生产力年际间差异显著(F=5.761,P0.05),季节间和潮位间差异都不显著(F=0.135,P0.05;F=2.076,P0.05),P/B的值较低,表明该海域软体动物世代更替速度较慢,2010年的P/B值(0.55a–1)低于1982年的P/B值(0.63a–1),表明近30年来群落结构受到影响。     

勉略构造带新元古代洋盆俯冲作用：来自略阳地区纸房沟岩片火山岩锆石U- Pb年龄和Lu- Hf同位素的证据

纸房沟岩片位于勉略构造带略阳地区。通过细致的岩石学和地球化学研究，将纸房沟岩片内的火山岩分为拉斑玄武岩系列（Ⅰ类）和钙碱性火山岩系列（Ⅱ类）。Ⅰ类火山岩稀土配分曲线左倾，富Na贫P，整体具有N- MORB特点，形成于洋脊构造环境。相比Ⅰ类火山岩，Ⅱ类火山岩具有更高的SiO2(49.02％~61.86％)和K2O(0.32％~1.55％)含量，相对亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti，形成于陆缘弧构造环境。Ⅱ类火山岩锆石Lu- Hf同位素测试结果显示，εHf(t)值主体为负值，介于-8.01~+0.77，表明其主要为古老地壳物质熔融成因。Ⅱ类火山岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年结果为854±3Ma(MSWD=0.12, n=30)、844±4Ma (MSWD=0.03, n=15)，表明纸房沟岩片火山岩结晶时代为新元古代早中期。综合前人成果认为，纸房沟岩片火山岩为新元古代勉略洋盆俯冲的产物，俯冲作用一直持续到800Ma左右，该俯冲过程很可能是对全球性Rodinia超大陆聚合事件的响应。     

Heat-shock protein 70 expression in shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis during thermal and immune-challenged stress

Using western immunoblotting, we obtained heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) induction data and distribution in different tissues from shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis during thermal and immune-challenged stresses. This is probably the first report of the effects of various stressors on the expression of HSP70 in shrimp.HSP70 was prominently induced in hepatopancreas and gills, but not in muscle, eyestalk and hemolymph, when the shrimp were exposed to heat shock and Vibrio anguillavium-challenged stresses. Cold shock and WSSV treatment had no significant effects on the levels of HSP70 expression in all tissues examined. HSP70 induction was greatest after 2 h exposure to heat shock stress, which was elevated after acute heat shock exposure of 10℃ above ambient temperature.     

Zircon U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope composition of Kongling terrane in the Yangtze Craton: refining the timing of Palaeoproterozoic high-grade metamorphism

U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope compositions of zircon were analysed for a metasedimentary rock and two amphibolites from the Kongling terrane in the northern part of the Yangtze Craton. The zircon shows distinct morphological and chemical characteristics. Most zircon in an amphibolite shows oscillatory zoning, high Th/U and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, high formation temperature, high trace element contents, clear negative Eu anomaly, as well as HREE-enriched patterns, suggesting that it is igneous. The zircon yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2857 ± 8 Ma, representing the age of the magmatic protolith. The zircon in the other two samples is metamorphic. It has low Th/U ratios, low trace element concentrations, variable HREE contents (33.8 ≥ Lu_N≥2213; 14.7 ≤ Lu_N/Sm_N ≤ 354) and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (0.000030–0.001168). The data indicate that the zircon formed in the presence of garnet and under upper amphibolite facies conditions. The metamorphic zircon yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2010 ± 13 Ma. These results combined with previously obtained Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic ages suggest a c. 2.0 Ga Palaeoproterozoic collisional event in the Yangtze Craton, which may result from the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The zircon in two samples yields weighted mean two-stage Hf model ( T _DM2) ages of 3217 ± 110 and 2943 ± 50 Ma, respectively, indicating that their protoliths were mainly derived from Archean crust.     

Conservation of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in the Economically Developed Area：Experiences,Problems and Solutions—A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

Zhejiang Province, located in the Yangtze River Delta region, is representative of China's economically developed areas. It enjoys superior natural conditions and a long history of agriculture, and is a comprehensive agricultural area with integrated development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. It has nurtured the farming culture represented by Hemudu culture and Liangzhu culture, which have given rise to numerous precious Agricultural Heritage Systems. At present, Zhejiang Province has three of the world’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and 12 China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), so it not only has the largest number of heritages in China, but it has also attained remarkable achievements in heritage conservation. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example in combination with the rural revitalization strategy, this paper summarizes the achievements in the protection of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) in Zhejiang Province during the past 15 years from the aspects of increasing farmers’ income, cultural Inheritance and industrial upgrading, as well as the conservation experiences in government promotion, community initiative, enterprise participation, technology driving and social linkage. Further, in view of the problems that exist in the current heritage protection,such as imperfect management of heritage sites, low participation of community residents, lack of special protection funds, and imperfect provincial management system,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Improve the management mechanism for the conservation and development of Agricultural Heritage Systems; (2) Develop regional public branding of agricultural products in Agricultural Heritage System sites; (3) Increase the Agricultural Heritage System science education as well as cultural and creative product development; (4) Carry out the evaluation and recognition of IAHS at the provincial level; and (5) Provide substantial support and input to the conservation and utilization of IAHS. This study can provide some guidance for the conservation of IAHS in Zhejiang Province and it provides important reference for IAHS in the economically developed areas in China.     

Design and Application of the Annual Report of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Monitoring

Scientific and effective heritage monitoring can not only realize the conservation of the heritage itself and the maintenance of its values, but it can also realize the sustainable development of the heritage site. In order to promote the conservation and management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), this study proposed a design for the annual report of GIAHS monitoring under the overall framework of the GIAHS monitoring system, and explored the application of the annual report in the first GIAHS site in China: the Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System. In the design scheme of this study, the GIAHS annual monitoring report is composed of 24 monitoring items, with each of them logically related. It is to be filled in by the bureaus of the heritage site and reported through the GIAHS dynamic monitoring system. The results of an analysis of the annual reports of Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System for four years showed that Qingtian County has taken a series of conservation and development measures which have reduced the area of abandoned paddy, enhanced the unit benefit of agri-products, and increased the farmers’ income. At the same time, the heritage site is faced with various challenges and threats, such as the weakening of the tourism attraction, the aging of the heritage practitioners, and the limitation of the heritage-themed agri-products and tourism income, which need to be addressed with proper measures. The results can also provide guidance for other GIAHS based on indications that heritage sites should improve the development of cultural products, the construction of social organization and the cultivation of spontaneous publicity, and an exchange and learning mechanism should be established among them in the future. The design and application of the GIAHS annual monitoring reports can not only provide specific guidance for conducting the GIAHS monitoring, but also lay the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of GIAHS conservation and management. This study is expected to help enrich the theory of GIAHS monitoring, further promote China’s GIAHS monitoring work, and also provide China’s experience for the benefit of international GIAHS monitoring efforts.     

机载激光水深测量误差分析

详细分析了机载激光水深测量的各种误差,着重讨论了IMU姿态测量误差对机载激光定位的影响。根据实际可能的误差数据,并联合扫描角误差、测距误差和平台坐标系原点误差进行计算分析,得出了不同的量测误差对目标3维定位误差的综合影响。     

“一带一路”视角下城市技术合作网络演化特征与影响因素研究

采用2007—2018年的PCT专利合作数据,基于“一带一路”视角,分段刻画城市技术合作网络的拓扑结构、空间格局及其时空演化,利用负二项回归方法分析其演化的邻近性机理,结果表明：① 拓扑结构方面,网络整体规模经历了从“规模扩大”到“联系增强”的演化过程,中国城市逐渐占据网络的核心层级。② 空间格局方面,“一带一路”城市之间的合作多为国家内部合作,来自同一国家的城市在选择外部合作伙伴时具有一定的相似性。新加坡是“一带一路”内部网络和对外网络的枢纽节点。③ 影响机制方面,合作城市的质量对合作具有显著正向作用,地理邻近性和经济邻近性具有显著负向作用,社会邻近性、认知邻近性和语言邻近性具有显著正向作用,而地理邻近性与经济邻近性、地理邻近性与语言邻近性具有相互补充作用。     

标度律视角的城市效能测度及中国城市多维要素效能分析

“城市标度律”（urban scaling laws）揭示了城市系统中城市人口和城市要素间普遍存在的非线性规模缩放关系,但目前大多数城市评价忽视了这种关系,常使用人均指标比较不同规模的城市,这会导致评价结果偏差。为此,考虑城市人口和城市要素间的非线性规模缩放关系构建了要素效能指数,用以修正城市规模的影响,度量城市要素实际发挥出预期能力的程度。以城市发展不同维度上的9个城市要素为例,分别测度了2017年中国292个地级以上城市各要素的效能,识别了各要素效能的空间差异和集聚特征,分析了要素效能指数的优势并讨论了结果的政策启示。结果表明：① 9个城市要素都符合“城市标度律”,其中8个要素与城市人口呈非线性规模缩放关系;从标度律的视角测度城市效能是必要而且可行的。② 城市综合经济、商业消费和公共财政效能普遍以东部沿海地区较高;东北地区的基础教育和中西部地区的公共交通效能较低;土地和水资源禀赋较高的地区对应的效能值并不高;大部分城市的生态绿地效能较低。600万人以上的城市中,杭州、深圳、天津的各维度效能表现较均衡。③ 与人均指标评价结果的对比证明要素效能指数能够修正人口规模对城市评价的影响,对常用的总量和人均指标是有益的补充。标度律视角下的城市效能测度能够给城市人口管理和城市要素发展的决策提供明确的指导方向,同时为不同规模大小的城市提供更客观的比较标准,对国家城镇体系规划和落实中国新型城市化战略具有积极意义。     

肥城市采煤塌陷区治理模式探索研究

肥城煤田作为国家重要能源基地,开发历史悠久,为我国高速发展的国民经济做出了巨大贡献。但长期开采导致塌陷范围广、深度大、积水严重,生态环境遭受严重破坏,给矿区群众的生产生活带来严重影响。该文总结了目前普及化程度较高的采煤塌陷区治理模式,以此为基础,对肥城市采煤塌陷区按照因地制宜的原则,通过分析研究、归纳得出适应于肥城市采煤塌陷区四种不同的治理模式,分别为:土地复垦治理模式、“渔业+农业”治理模式、生态修复治理模式、综合治理模式,并对四种治理模式进行了阐述分析,对今后肥城市采煤塌陷区治理起到借鉴和指导作用。